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In this table some very important energy concepts are explained |
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Watt |
1 Watt corresponds to the power which needs to be invested over 1 s to move an object over a path length of 1 m while applying a force of 1 N on this object. 1 Watt corresponds to the power which you need to heat up 1 gram of water by 14.3 K over 60 seconds. Reminder: 1 W = 1 J/s. |
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Watthour |
The watthour (Wh) is the Energy which is supplied as power to a device in one hour. The best example is a 60 Watt bulb which burned during one hour. During this one hour, the bulb used an Energy of 60 Wh. Energy in terms of fuel usage is usually described by the unit: kWh (kilowatt-hour).
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ = 3.6 • 106 J = 859.845 kcal 1 hp (horsepower) = 735.498’75 W 1 l Car fuel = 9 kWh
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Ampere-hour |
One Ampere-hour is the charge amount which flows through a conductor at a constant current of 1 A for over 1 hour. |
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Important notice |
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· In the table on the 2nd page you will find the energy contents of various materials which are commonly exploited and combusted in our daily life in order to gain energy. · On the 3rd page there are values listed which illustrate the power production of various powerplants and other energy generators. · On the 4th page there are values listed which illustrate the energy and power consumption of commonly used vehicles and devices. · Keep in mind that all these values serve only for orientation purposes. Thus the values are lay in the range of true values but are NOT precise. · The values are oriented on sources from Wikipedia, News-Papers and technical data of the corresponding developer or operator. |
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Sources on which the values were oriented |
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· http://energieberatung.ibs-hlk.de/plangetrei_dat.htm · http://www.eon.com/de/ueber-uns/struktur/unternehmenssuche/eon-kernkraft-gmbh.html · https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brennelement#cite_note-4 · https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernkraftwerk · https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlekraftwerk_Moorburg · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_efficiency_in_transportation#Trains · http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/average-household-electricity-consumption · https://whatisnuclear.com/physics/energy_density_of_nuclear.html |
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Heat of combustion of various materials |
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Solid materials |
MJ/kg |
kWh/kg |
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Bituminous coal (black coal) |
23 – 29 |
6.4 – 8.1 |
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Lignite (brown coal) |
19 – 22 |
5.3 – 6.1 |
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Koks |
27 – 29 |
7.5 – 8.1 |
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Wood (dry) |
15 – 19 |
4.2 – 5.3 |
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Straw (dry) |
17 |
4.7 |
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Paper |
15 |
4.2 |
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Domestic Waste |
2.5 – 12 |
0.14 – 3.3 |
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Liquid materials |
MJ/kg |
kWh/kg |
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Car Fuel |
40 – 42 |
11.1 – 11.7 |
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Aviation Gasoline / Kerosene |
44 |
12.2 |
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Diesel and heating oil |
42.6 |
11.8 |
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Ethanol |
26.8 |
7.4 |
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Petroleum |
43 |
11.9 |
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Paraffin wax |
42 |
11.7 |
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Gaseous materials |
MJ/kg |
kWh/kg |
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Hydrogen gas |
120 |
33.3 |
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Natural gas |
32 – 45 |
8.9 – 12.5 |
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Methan |
50.013 |
13.9 |
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Ethan |
47.486 |
13.2 |
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Ethylen |
47.146 |
13.1 |
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Acetylen |
48.222 |
13.4 |
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Propan |
46.354 |
12.9 |
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n-Butan |
45.715 |
12.7 |
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i-Butan |
45.571 |
12.7 |
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Nature Uranium (~0.7 % 235U) |
650’000 |
1.8 • 105 |
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Weakly enriched Uranium, used in Nuclear Power plants (~5% 235U) |
4’600’000 |
1.3 • 105 |
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Enriched Uranium (100% 235U) |
80’000’000 |
2.2 • 107 |
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Enriched Thorium (100% 232Th) |
80’000’000 |
2.2 • 107 |
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Biological materials |
MJ/kg |
kWh/kg |
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Fat (animal and vegetable) |
37 |
10.3 |
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Protein |
17 |
4.7 |
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Carbohydrates |
17 |
4.7 |
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Power Plants |
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Kind of power plant |
Generated Power |
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Additional Information |
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One nuclear reactor unit |
1000 MW |
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One nuclear reactor core of a nuclear power plant holds approximately 100 tons of Uranium. Of these 100 tons, ~4 % are 235U. Every year 20 tons of these nuclear fuel elements are replaced by new ones. Thus the nuclear fuel elements can stay up to 3 or 5 years inside the nuclear reactor core without replacement. 1 kg of natural Uranium (containing ~0.7 % of 235U) has more or less the same energy as ~13’000 l of petroleum or ~20’000 kg of black coal. |
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One fossil-fuel power station unit |
1000 MW |
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The black coal consumption of a fossil-fuel power station unit is somewhat around 12’000 tons/day. |
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Solar panels |
200 W/m2 |
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at 1’000 W/m² sun irradiation |
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Wind turbines |
2 – 8 MW |
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Max. power limit is dependent on the size of the wind turbine |
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Hydropower |
heavily dependent on the river size |
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Batterie (Li-Ion) |
0.6 MJ/kg |
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Energy and power consumption of various devices and vehicles |
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Device/Vehicle |
MJ |
kWh |
W |
Important information |
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Car |
194 per 100 km |
54 per 100 km |
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A new average car burns ca. 6 l (ca. 194 MJ) car fuel per 100 km on a freeway. |
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Plane (holding 240 people, per 100 km travel) |
29’000 per 100 km |
8’000 per 100 km |
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A plane burns ca. 850 l kerosene per 100 km, while being able to transport ~240 people. This makes ca. 3.5 l per 100 km per person |
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Helicopter |
4300 per hour |
1200 per hour |
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A helicopter uses ~ 150 l kerosene per 100 km when flying 250 km/h. Yet fuel usage is very dependent on size and the movement of the helicopter. A Eurocopter HH-65 Dolphin fits into this scale |
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Train |
6’840 – 11’880 |
1’900 – 3’300 per 100 km |
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A German ICE Train needs an energy of ca 1900 – 3300 kWh to drive a length of 100 km |
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Truck/Bus |
990 per 100 km |
275 per 100 km |
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An LKW uses on average 30 l diesel when driving 100 km at a speed of 80 km/h. |
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City Busses |
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City Buses use up to 60 l fuel per 100 km |
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Computer |
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0.07 – 0.5 |
70 – 500 |
Depending on the hard ware of the computer and the kind of work the computer performs |
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LCD TV |
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100 |
32” – 40” screen |
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Laptop |
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10 |
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Average Household |
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3500 per year |
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Backoven |
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Microwave |
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2000 |
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Cooking Plate |
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2000 / plate |
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Heater |
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2000 |
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Comparison of Atomic Bombs |
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The strength of Atomic Bombs is usually described by tons of TNT equivalents. Thus, if an Atomic Bomb hast a blast yield of 1 kilotons, this means that 1000 tons of TNT have the same blast yield. Atomic bombs usually contain enriched Uranium or Plutonium containing at least 80 % 235U or 239P respectively. 1 kiloton of TNT equals to 4.184 terajoules (TJ).
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Bomb |
Blast Yield in TNT equivalents |
TJ (Terajoule) |
Radius (km / mi) |
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Nuclear Bomb dropped on Hiroshima by the USA |
15 kilotons |
63 |
1.75 / 1.1 |
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Today’s nuclear bombs range: |
3 kilotons up to 50 megatons |
13 – 2 • 105 |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons |
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Download the table in .pdf